Social Costs of Collective Bargaining

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A free labor market leads to increased production, which is the same as economic growth, the opposite of recession. It does so by putting more people to work. When more people are working, more is produced. A high rate of employment also reduces certain social costs, such as the cost of unemployment compensation and welfare and the cost to society of crimes committed by people idled and impoverished by unemployment.

The reduction in the costs of unemployment compensation, welfare and prisons decreases the total tax burden, as does the reduction in salaries of government workers and teachers when they can no longer engage in collective bargaining. In addition, the tax burden of individuals is reduced by spreading it to a larger number of working taxpayers. 

Taxes are also reduced with the elimination of no longer needed government agencies. Federal agencies include:

National Labor Relations Board. From their website (www.nlrb.gov):  The National Labor Relations Board is an independent federal agency created by Congress in 1935 to administer the National Labor Relations Act, the primary law governing relations between unions and employers in the private sector. . . The NLRB is organized into two major components: a five-member governing Board, and the Office of the General Counsel. . . The Agency's headquarters are located in Washington, D.C. It has field offices in 51 U.S. locations.

Office of Labor-Management Standards. From their website (www.dol.gov/olms): The Office of Labor-Management Standards (OLMS) of the U.S. Department of Labor's Employment Standards Administration administers and enforces most provisions of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (LMRDA). The LMRDA was enacted primarily to ensure basic standards of democracy and fiscal responsibility in labor organizations representing employees in private industry. Unions representing U.S. Postal Service employees became subject to the LMRDA with the passage of the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970.

Federal Labor Relations Authority. From their website (www.flra.gov): The Federal Labor Relations Authority is an independent administrative federal agency that was created by Title VII of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (also known as the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute). The Statute allows certain non-postal federal employees to organize, bargain collectively, and to participate through labor organizations of their choice in decisions affecting their working lives.

Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. From their website (www.fmcs.gov): The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service was created by the Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947 (Taft-Hartley Act) as an independent agency of the U. S. government. The agency is given the mission of preventing or minimizing the impact of labor-management disputes on the free flow of commerce by providing mediation, conciliation and voluntary arbitration. FMCS’ Office of Arbitration Services maintains a roster of approximately 1,400 independent arbitrators who are qualified to hear and decide disputes over the interpretation or application of collective bargaining agreements.

State agencies include:

Michigan Employment Relations Commission (MERC), part of the Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth (www.michigan.gov/dleg). This is from MERC’s website: The Michigan Employment Relations Commission (MERC) resolves labor disputes involving public and private sector employees by appointing mediators, arbitrators and fact finders, conducting union representation elections, determining appropriate bargaining units, and adjudicating unfair labor practice cases.  MERC, supported by the staff of the Bureau of Employment Relations, administers three statutes:

  • the Public Employment Relations Act (PERA)- a labor relations statute which grants all public employees within the state of Michigan, excluding classified civil service employees of the state and federal government, the right to organize and be represented by labor organizations of their choice.

  • the Labor Relations and Mediation Act (LMA)- a statute regulating collective bargaining relationships between private sector unions and small private sector employers not falling within the jurisdiction of the National Labor Relations Act.

  • the Compulsory Arbitration Act (312)- a statute providing for compulsory binding arbitration of labor-management disputes involving public safety employees.

Unemployment Insurance Agency. Formerly known as the Michigan Employment Security Commission, this agency could not be eliminated, but would be drastically reduced in size if the unemployment rate were cut from 15% to 2 or 3% - from a half a million unemployed to a few thousand. From its website (www.michigan.gov/uia): The Wagner-Peyser Act (1933) requires states to maintain a national system of public employment offices, while the Social Security Act (1935) levies a federal tax on employers to provide for the payment of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. . . The UIA's Tax Office maintains tax accounts for about 213,000 contributing employers and 5,300 reimbursing employers, and collects about $1.4 billion a year in Michigan unemployment taxes from employers. . . Today, the UIA pays out about $1.7 billion a year in regular UI benefits.

Office of the State Employer. The Office of the State Employer, in cooperation with Executive Branch Departments and Agencies, formulates, executes and administers labor relations policies for state classified employees. Centralized labor relations functions include the following:

  • Determine the polices of the employer with respect to matters subject to collective bargaining negotiations.

  • Represent the employer in primary negotiations with exclusive representatives and enter into collective bargaining agreements with exclusive representatives concerning negotiable matters.

  • Determine the issues which shall be the subject of secondary negotiations and review and approve all secondary agreements.

  • Represent the employer before the Civil Service Coordinated Compensation Panel addressing issues for non-exclusively represented classified employees.

  • Respond to and represent the employer with respect to unfair labor practice charges filed by employee organizations, and initiate such charges against employee organizations.

  • Coordinate employer responses to personnel policy and rule changes being considered by the Civil Service Commission, and initiate requests for modifications to the Civil Service Employee Relations Policy and Regulations.

  • Oversee contract administration and approve all contract interpretation documents and Letters of Understanding.

  • Make the management determination regarding which grievances should go to arbitration after consultation with the affected department, and approve the management advocate.

  • Supervise the training of all management personnel involved in the labor relations process.

Society also benefits from the elimination of costs directly attributed to collective bargaining:

  • production losses resulting from strikes and the man-hours spent in the bargaining process

  • union dues, which are spent on salaries of union officials,  other union administrative expenses, and political activities

Production losses aren’t the only costs resulting from strikes. The employer is not the only one hurt. Customers and other innocent bystanders are often inconvenienced. Travelers are stranded when public transportation workers strike. Children’s education is set back when teachers strike. Shoppers are inconvenienced when grocery store workers strike. Public health is endangered when garbage collectors strike. And people die. This is from When Nurses Strike in New York, an article in the May 3, 2010 issue of Newsweek:

A new study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research shows that during 50 strikes at New York state hospitals between 1984 and 2004, patients were almost 20 percent more likely to die—a bump in mortality that translates to about 140 deaths.

Home

Unions are Killing Michigan
The Wagner Act
What Economists Think
Why the Market Wage is Better
The Illogic of Collective Bargaining
Market Wage vs. Fair Wage
Imagining a Free Labor Market
Rights and Freedom
Destruction of the Middle Class
Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA)
Job Security
Social Costs of Collective Bargaining
Ending Fringe Benefits
Democrats and Unions
Collective Bargaining in Government